Malformed Reply From Socks Server – What you need to know about this attack framework before you replace Cobalt Strike This special threat analysis report is part of a series called “Purple Team Series”, which covers widely used attack techniques, whether threat actors how to use them, and how to prevent their use. . Early GSOC and response teams analyzed a new C2 framework called Sliver and formed a cybersecurity company called Bishop Fox. C2 frameworks or command and control (C&C) infrastructure are used by security professionals (red and cheese teams) to remotely control compliant machines during security assessments. They are also influenced by threat actors for the same reason. After this introduction, we describe in detail how this framework works, how to reuse it, how threat actors affect it, and how to implement detection and protection mechanisms. As always in this Purple Team series, GSOC covers the topic from different perspectives: Defining the scope of Sliver C2 Red Team Aspects – Getting Sliver C2 on the test bench Blue Team Aspects – Analyzing a previous case of mosquito infestation that led to use. Sliver C2 Purple Team Aspects – Using blue and red knowledge, visual processing and analysis capabilities, we have created an index on Sliver C2’s MITER ATT&CK framework and their related section in the table below: Sliver C2 Feature or Aspect MITER Strategy MITER Technical Shell Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell UAC Bypass Privilege Escalation Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism: Bypass User Account Control. takeaways from GSOC Team Sliver C2 research Takeaways: A new trend: The Sliver C2 is gaining more and more attention from threat actors and is often seen as an alternative to the Cobalt Striker. Modular Framework: Extension Pack Manager (Armory) that allows easy installation (automatic compilation) of various third-party tools like BOFs, .NET tools like Ghostpack (Rubeus, Seatbelt, SharpUp, Certify, etc.). Already associated with known threat actors and malware families: Bumblebee Loader infections often follow Sliver C2 loading. Threat actors such as APT29 are also known to use this framework. Unique network and system signatures: Sliver C2 detection is possible because this framework creates unique signatures when implementing sliver-specific features. Infrastructure server discovery and fingerprinting are available and are listed in this article. What is Sliver C2 Description and Past Use? Sliver is an open source cross-platform Red Team emulator/framework. It is designed to scale and can be used by organizations of all sizes to perform security testing. Sliver is comparable to Cobalt Strike or Metasploit. Why does it have more appeal? Silver C2 is gaining popularity for the following reasons: Open Source Alternative to Cobalt Strike and Metasploit Modularity Armory Cross Platform : OS X, Linux, Windows The framework provides all the key capabilities to keep up with competitors, the most notable of which are: Dynamic. C2 secures phased and phaseless mTLS, WireGuard, HTTP(S) uploads, Windows DNS process migration, process injection, user token manipulation, and more. In-memory execution of a .NET assembly can be encoded. COFF/BOF In-Memory Loader TCP and Armory, Alias and Extension Packet Manager called Pipe Pivots In the Red Team episode, we analyze how Sliver C2 can be used in a real attack scenario. Threat Players Adding Sliver C2 Silver C2 is getting more and more attention after its release in 2020. To date, the number of threat intelligence reports is still sparse, with the main reports suggesting the use of the Russian Sliver C2 SVR. Recently, some threat research groups, including GSOC, have identified cases of mosquito carriers shedding C2 after initial infection. SVR / APT29 (2021) Malware Malware History Links APT29 / SVR / Cozy Bear / the Duke N/A May 2021 NCSC The APT29 threat actor linked to the Russian secret services has been reported by various organizations using Sliver C2. Ensure stability in a compatible network. According to this report, the National Cyber Security Center (NCSC), the use of Sliver C2 is “an attempt to secure access to many existing Velmes and Velmail victims”. In this particular case, the SVR operators used a separate Sliver C2 infrastructure server for each session. TA551 / Shathak (2021) Malware Malware History Links TA551 / Shathak N/A October 2021 ProofPoint security researchers at ProofPoint Company have identified emails that contain malicious macros. frame C2. TA551 was previously associated with the distribution of malware families such as Ursnif, IcedID, QBot/Qakbot, etc. In this case, the patch was loaded directly after the initial infection vector, unlike previous cases of TA551 that loaded frames like Cobalt Strike second. Time after initial infection. This use of form gave the threat actor more flexibility. Exotic Lily (2022) Threat Actor Malware Malware Link Dates Exotic Lily Bumblebee Loader 2022 The GSOC team previously reported on Bumblebee Loader infections that lead to the deployment of a C2 framework. Recently, the GSOC team discovered a common mosquito carrier infection, which started with an LNK infection vector and eventually led to the deployment of a C2 sliver for the threat actor to gain stability in the network. In this section, we describe the attack path used by threat actors. GSOC has prepared the following schedule: Operation Time Initial access with Bumblebee Loader T0 Transport / Tasklist Minutes The scenario stops at its start due to user interaction and attack detection. Red Team – Sliver Detected and deployed by the C2 framework, Sliver is designed as a second-stage payload that, once deployed, gives the threat actor full access to the target system and the ability to execute subsequent steps in the attack chain. lie down. Sliver Framework Architecture The Sliver C2 ecosystem has four main components: Server Console – The server console is the main interface that starts when you run the Sliver-Server utility. The server console is a superset of the client console. All code is shared between client/server consoles except for server-specific commands related to client (operator) management. The server console communicates with the server through the gRPC interface. Sliver C2 Server – The Sliver C2 server is part of the Sliver-Server utility and manages the internal database and starts and stops network listeners. The main interface used to communicate with the server is the gRPC interface through which all tasks are performed. Client Console – The client console is the primary user interface used to interact with the Sliver C2 server. Implant – An implant is an actual malicious code that runs on the target system you want remote access to. While the Sliver C2 server is at the center of the transaction and the attacker uses it for remote management, we describe the relationships between each component with the following diagram. How to use Sliver C2 different components and their interaction as described in the above paragraph? Installing the Installation Framework is simple and consists of downloading and running a bash script: Scroll https://sliver.sh/install | sudo bash analyzed the GSOC script, performing the following actions when publishing this analysis: installing the following dependencies, gpg, curl, build-essential, mingw-w64, binutils-mingw-w64, g++-mingw-w64, (mostly with compilation depends ) on the release page Download the Sliver C2 binaries from download, check the integrity Set up the systemd service for Sliver C2 to run as a system service (daemon) Create a client configuration for all users on the system to enable them to connect and attack. Distributed in parallel. A broken server running as a system service provides the ability to connect to multiple operators. Sliver implants support two modes of operation: Beacon Mode – Beacon mode implements an asynchronous mode of communication in which the implant periodically checks with the server, returns tasks, executes them, and returns results. Session Mode – In session mode, the implant creates a real-time interactive session based on the C2-based protocol using a persistent connection or a long poll. The Sliver C2 implants are cross-platform and you can change the compiler target using the –os flag. Sliver accepts any Golang GOOS and GOARCH as –os and –arch. We generated implants for Linux, Mac, and Windows with the following commands: –mtls [C2 Public IP]:443 –os linux –arch amd64 generate –mtls [C2 Public IP]:443 –os mac – -arch arm64 –make mtls [C2 public IP]:443
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